Men, Here’s Why Your Habits Might Be A Bigger Cancer Risk Than Your Genes (Image Credits: iStock)
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and for men, the risk of developing it depends on a combination of genetics and lifestyle. While our genes set the foundation, lifestyle choices often tip the scales in favour of or against cancer risk. To know more about how lifestyle and genes lead to cancer risk, we spoke with Dr Amrit Kaur Kaler, Consultant – Molecular Pathology at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai.
The Role of Genetics
Our DNA contains the genetic instructions that make us who we are, including certain predispositions to diseases like cancer. Mutations in genes such as BRCA1/BRCA2 or MMR (Mismatch Repair) genes can significantly raise the risk of cancers in men, including prostate, colorectal, and even breast cancer (though rare).
“For instance, men with a BRCA mutation can face up to a 30 per cent higher lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer compared to the general male population. Similarly, genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome increase the risk of colorectal cancer,” Dr Kaur Kaler explains.
However, genetics alone accounts for only about 5–10 per cent of all cancers, emphasizing that while a family history of cancer is a warning sign, it is not the sole determinant. “Genetic mutations often require a trigger, and this is where lifestyle factors come into play,” adds Dr Kaur Kaler.
How Lifestyle Influences Genes
Epigenetics examines how lifestyle and environmental factors can modify gene activity without changing the DNA sequence itself. “Lifestyle factors can turn certain genes ‘on’ or ‘off,’” explains Dr Kaur Kaler. “For example, a gene that suppresses abnormal cell growth could be turned ‘off,’ increasing cancer risk or a gene promoting cell growth could be activated.”
This interaction between genes and lifestyle shows how choices like smoking, diet, and exercise can either amplify or mitigate genetic risks.
Lifestyle: The Major Reason Behind Cancer Risk
Lifestyle choices contribute to the majority of cancer cases, making them a critical focus for prevention.
1. Smoking
“Smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer,” explains Dr Kaur Kaler. It is linked not only to lung cancer but also to cancers of the throat, bladder, and mouth.
2. Diet and ObesityA diet high in processed meats, unhealthy fats, and sugar, combined with low physical activity, can lead to obesity, which is a significant risk factor for cancers like prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancer.
3. Alcohol Consumption“Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver, oesophagal, and colon cancers,” Dr Kaur Kaler notes.
4. Sun Exposure
Men who spend extended periods outdoors without adequate sun protection face a heightened risk of skin cancers, including melanoma.
Genetics vs. Lifestyle
While genetics create the stage for potential cancer development, lifestyle choices often determine the outcome. Men with unhealthy habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, or obesity face higher cancer risks than those with genetic predispositions but healthier lifestyles.
Dr Kaur Kaler shares: “You can’t choose your genes, but you can choose your habits. The power to prevent many cancers lies in your hands.”
Prevention Strategies for Men
- Regular Screenings: Consult your doctor about genetic testing and early screenings if you have a family history of cancer.
- Quit Smoking: Seek support to stop smoking, as it significantly reduces your cancer risk.
- Adopt a Healthy Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, and reduce processed food intake.
- Stay Active: Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers cancer risk.
- Limit Alcohol: Stick to moderate drinking guidelines to reduce liver and colon cancer risks.
- Protect Your Skin: Use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher when outdoors.
Cancer is complex, but prevention can be straightforward. While genetic predispositions play a role, making informed lifestyle choices can dramatically reduce cancer risk. Dr Kaur Kaler shares, “By focusing on modifiable behaviours and staying vigilant about screenings, men can take control of their health and significantly lower their cancer risk.”
Remember, when it comes to cancer, every choice counts. Take proactive steps today to protect yourself for a healthier tomorrow.
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