Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that affects the way a person interacts with the world. No two people with autism are the same. Some will not be able to communicate effectively, but others may have special talents in art, math, or memory. It is called a spectrum disorder, as it includes a range of symptoms, abilities, and difficulties. Some will have minor problems, while others will need lots of help. The way in which autism presents itself differs depending on different factors, including genetics, environment, and brain growth.

To get a clearer picture of the same, we turned to a paediatric physiotherapist. Dr Mohini shares the key differences in autism symptoms and what is the real reason behind it looking different in each person.

There are also autistic individuals who struggle with eye contact, understanding social cues, or speaking. Others will be capable of enjoying social interaction but cannot understand feelings or boundaries.

According to Dr Mohini, there are a few individuals with autism who never speak, while others have advanced language but cannot have two-way conversation. Echolalia will be common in some, while others will not be able to interpret sarcasm or jokes.

The majority of autistic individuals exhibit repetitive behaviours, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating words. “They may also require strict routines and become distressed if their routine is disrupted unexpectedly,” she adds.

Dr Mohini says that some people with autism are very sensitive to light, sound, or texture, while others will seek out intense sensory input, such as deep pressure or loud noises. “Sensory sensitivities can make everyday activities, such as wearing certain textures or eating certain foods, very challenging,” she explains.

Many autistic individuals have extraordinary abilities in specific areas, such as mathematics, music, memory, or problem-solving. Their different approach to thinking makes them extremely proficient at focusing on details or identifying patterns that other individuals cannot perceive.

Now, we know that autism is a complex disorder influenced by genetics, brain structure, and life experience, and therefore no two people experience it in the same way. Dr Mohini explains that gender could also influence the way autism presents; for instance, girls may consciously or unconsciously imitate social skills to fit in so symptoms are less obvious and diagnosis can be delayed.

Speaking about the treatment, she says that each person presents autism uniquely, treatment and care must be tailored to their individual needs. Speech and occupational therapy and behavioural interventions help individuals overcome challenges and acquire skills necessary for living.

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