Aortic aneurysms are no longer as rare as they once were. In fact, deaths linked to this condition are rising at an alarming rate of 12 per cent annually. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), aortic aneurysms account for approximately 2 per cent of global cardiovascular deaths annually. Countries with ageing populations, including the United States, Japan, and many European nations, report the highest cases of aortic aneurysms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveals that the U.S. sees over 10,000 deaths annually from abdominal aortic aneurysms alone, with smoking being a contributing factor in more than 75 per cent of cases.

Dr Vijay Surase, Senior Interventional Cardiologist at Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, explains, “An aortic aneurysm is a silent killer that often goes undetected until it’s too late. Awareness and early detection are crucial in tackling this rising threat.”

What Is an Aortic Aneurysm?

An aortic aneurysm occurs when the walls of the aorta, the main artery of the body, weaken and bulge. It can occur in two primary locations:

- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Found in the lower part of the aorta running through the abdomen.

- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): Develops in the chest region.

If left untreated, the weakened section can rupture, leading to catastrophic internal bleeding and potentially death.

Why Are Death Rates Rising?Dr Surase shares several factors behind the increase in deaths from aortic aneurysms:

1. Delayed Diagnosis: “Aortic aneurysms are often asymptomatic until they become large or rupture. This delay in diagnosis limits timely interventions,” he says.

2. Lifestyle Habits: Poor diets, sedentary lifestyles, and especially smoking are major contributors. “Smoking is particularly dangerous—it weakens the arterial walls and accelerates the growth of aneurysms,” Dr Surase warns.

3. Ageing Population: The risk of aneurysms increases with age, making them more prevalent as lifespans extend.

4. Lack of Awareness: Many people remain unaware of this silent killer, skipping routine health checks that could catch it early.

5. Comorbidities: Conditions like hypertension, high cholesterol, and connective tissue disorders further elevate risks.

“Gender differences also play a role,” Dr Surase adds. “While men are more likely to develop aneurysms, women often face worse outcomes when they do.”

Recognizing Symptoms

Aortic aneurysms may not always show symptoms, but warning signs can include:

- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Pulsating sensation near the navel, persistent abdominal or back pain.

- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Sudden, sharp chest pain, difficulty breathing, or choking.

“If an aneurysm ruptures, symptoms escalate to excruciating pain, fainting, and rapid heart rate,” says Dr Surase. “This is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate medical intervention.”

Who Is at Risk?

Certain groups are more vulnerable:

- Smokers: Smoking is a leading risk factor.

- Older Adults: Particularly men over 65 and postmenopausal women.

- Hypertensive People: High blood pressure puts extra strain on arterial walls.

- Genetic Susceptibility: Family history or conditions like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome increase risk.

“Understanding these risks can help high-risk individuals prioritize preventive measures,” advises Dr Surase.

How Can You Prevent Aortic Aneurysms?

Prevention starts with managing controllable risk factors. Dr Surase shares these key steps:

1. Quit Smoking: “This is the single most effective way to reduce risk.”

2. Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: A heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and prescribed medications are vital.

3. Routine Screenings: “Men over 65 who have smoked and anyone with a family history should get regular ultrasound screenings,” he emphasizes.

4. Adopt Healthy Habits: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean protein supports vascular health.

5. Manage Comorbidities: Properly treating hypertension, diabetes, and other conditions can mitigate risks.

Treatment Options

Once diagnosed, treatment depends on the size and growth rate of the aneurysm:

- Monitoring: Small aneurysms may only need regular imaging and lifestyle changes.

- Medications: Blood pressure-lowering drugs can help manage risks.

- Surgery: Large or fast-growing aneurysms often require surgical repair or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

“Timely intervention is critical,” says Dr Surase. “With advancements in technology, treatments have become more effective, but catching the condition early makes all the difference.”

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